Courseapos;Preparationapos;Assignmentapos; Example

Courseapos;Preparationapos;Assignmentapos; Example CoursePreparationAssignment – Coursework Example The Sharing Economy and the Labor Market Shared economy is a socio-economy in which companies and organizations share human and physical resources in production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Working for Uber is fun because one would not go to look for customers. The customers referred to these drivers from the head office. This saves time and fuel spent in going from place to place looking for passengers to carry. These jobs are more appealing than standard jobs because they enable one to optimally monetized assets (cabs) that would otherwise remain underutilized. For example, a normal cab owner would sit and wait for customers to come or call him, however, for a cab driver who is in a shared economy they will always get customers since it is the work of the head office to ensure that they allocate customers to cab drivers.Drivers in shared economy should not be subjected to regulations like other cab drivers. This is because these drivers do not operate the ca bs as independent business owners rather the y work under the umbrella of companies, in this case Uber. It is Uber that should be subjected to local regulations (Gold, 5). Regulations are meant to ensure fairness in this business venture and eliminate biasness. Take for instance the regulation that prevents customers from specifying their destination to cab drivers with an endeavor to avoid discriminations. Companies like Uber and Lyft will be favored over Sidecar if regulations are not there since Sidecar asks for customer’s destination. The new work shift does not shift power to the labor market this is because the company, Uber, exerts control on the operations such as prices and work hours of the drivers. In the shared economy, some workers can benefit more than others. This may occur due to distance. If one worker has to drive a customer to distant places than others, they will end up making fewer trips per day as compared to other driver who are making short distance dr ives. Finally, the ability of workers to benefit more than others, depend on ones seriousness and activeness. If one is more active than the other drivers, he will benefit more.Gold, Lona. The sharing economy: solidarity networks in transforming globalization. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2004.

Regla de presencia de infantes para solicitar pasaporte

Regla de presencia de infantes para solicitar pasaporte Si usted es el padre o la madre de un infante que es menor de edad y es ciudadano americano, puede que tenga dudas sobre si es necesario llevarlo a la oficina donde se solicita el pasaporte, particularmente cuando se trata de un bebà © o tiene muy pocos aà ±os. En este artà ­culo se resolver esa duda claramente y tambià ©n se brindar informacià ³n esencial sobre los pasaportes americanos de los nià ±os. Regla sobre presencia de los nià ±os para solicitar el pasaporte americano Cuando se solicita por primera vez o la renovacià ³n un pasaporte para un estadounidense menor de 16 aà ±os, el nià ±o debe estar presente siempre, incluso aunque sea un recià ©n nacido. No hay excepciones a esta regla. Por el contrario, si ya ha cumplido los 16 y se trata de una renovacià ³n, se puede hacer todo el trmite por correo, sin necesidad de presentarse en ninguna oficina. Sin embargo, si se trata de una solicitud por primera vez, sà ­ que deber acudir en persona. Si se est en Estados Unidos, hay que llevar al nià ±o a la Oficina de Recepcià ³n de Solicitudes de Pasaportes o en la Agencia de Pasaportes. Si se est en otro paà ­s, deber cerrarse una cita y presentarse en la Embajada americana o consulado que corresponda al lugar donde se encuentra en ese momento el solicitante.  ¿Deben el padre y la madre estar los dos presentes cuando se solicita el pasaporte para un nià ±o? La respuesta es sà ­, si bien se admiten  tres excepciones a la presencia conjunta del pap y de la mam  cuando no es posible. El objetivo de todas estas reglas es evitar que nadie pueda sacar a un nià ±o americano de su lugar de residencia habitual  sin el consentimiento de los dos padres. Esto aplica incluso cuando un progenitor se enfada con el otro y se quiere llevar al menor a otro paà ­s. Si se cree que el hijo corre este riesgo, esto es lo que se puede hacer para evitar lo que se llama un  secuestro internacional de nià ±os. Quà © documentos son necesarios para solicitar el pasaporte americano para un nià ±o Adems de llenar la planilla de solicitud y aportar fotos tipo pasaporte, el documento ms importante es el que acredita la nacionalidad estadounidense. Si el nià ±o ha nacido en los Estados Unidos hay que presentar copia del certificado de nacimiento.   Si ha nacido en el extranjero pero adquirià ³ la nacionalidad por uno de los padres o la adquirià ³ posteriormente la ley seà ±ala cules son los documentos son vlidos para acreditar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense. Por cunto tiempo es vlido el pasaporte de un nià ±o Los pasaportes de los nià ±os expiran a los cinco aà ±os de haber sido expedidos.    ¿Es siempre necesario el pasaporte para viajar internacionalmente? El pasaporte es siempre el mejor documento, pero se admiten excepciones, como una tarjeta de pasaporte. Adems, en el caso se nià ±os pequeà ±os que son ciudadanos caben otras posibilidades para  ingresar a los Estados Unidos por tierra procedente de Canad o Mà ©xico. El pasaporte no llega,  ¿quà © hacer? Si se solicità ³ el pasaporte y no se recibe, puede que se trate de una demora normal.  Si se desea acelar el trmite se tiene la opcià ³n de pagar para que se realice con carcter urgente. Pero tambià ©n es posible que se extraviara en el correo. Si sospecha que eso es lo que ha ocurrido entonces se debe solicitar la anulacià ³n de ese pasaporte y pedir otro sin ningà ºn costo aà ±adido. De interà ©s: doble nacionalidad, conservar ciudadanà ­a y derechos padres Es comà ºn que nià ±os estadounidenses residan en otro paà ­s. Estas son las reglas sobre la conservacià ³n de la nacionalidad y sobre la obligacià ³n de inscribirse al Servicio Selectivo en el caso de los varones. Adems, tener en cuenta que un nià ±o estadounidense puede tener el pasaporte de otro paà ­s, por ejemplo, el de los padres, ya que Estados Unidos aplica unas leyes liberales en asuntos de doble nacionalidad. Por otra parte, tambià ©n es frecuente que un infante estadounidense tenga paps que tienen otra nacionalidad.  Estos son los derechos de los padres de los nià ±os ciudadanos.  Es muy importante entender quà © derechos se pudieran derivar de esa situacià ³n, cul es el requisito de edad de los hijos y cundo, a pesar de tener hijos ciudadanos, no se puede sacar ningà ºn derecho. Y es que en este punto hay mucha informacià ³n equivocada. Consejo y curiosidad Ya que este artà ­culo trata de pasaporte para nià ±os viene al caso recomendar esta informacià ³n sobre cà ³mo entender fcilmente el sistema educativo de los Estados Unidos. Hay varias opciones para que los infantes estudien y todos ellos merecen las mejores oportunidades. Por à ºltimo, una curiosidad. Y es que los latinos somos la minorà ­a ms grande en Estados Unidos, lo cual se refleja en el censo. Dos apellidos hispanos estn entre los 10 ms comunes del paà ­s y 19 en el top 100,  Ã‚ ¿sientes curiosidad por saber si est el tuyo? Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Decreasing the frequency of patient falls Article

Decreasing the frequency of patient falls - Article Example Falls are associated either with intrinsic (person risk) factor or external environmental conditions (Palmer, 2011). This paper present review of some studies done to ascertain the various causes of falls among older persons, the effect of and relationship between drug prescription and falls and also it will highlight the preventive measures that can be used to reduce incidences of falls. Falls are considered common clinical problems mostly associated with elderly nursing home residents maybe as a result of external environmentally related factors or intrinsic factors (Hill et al., 2009). Again, most reported emergency injury-related casualties resulted from falls. Different scholars have postulated different causes of falls some of which are associated with person factors such as physiological changes and pathological conditions (Palmer, 2011; Hill et al., 2009). While others have associated environmental conditions as the main contributing factors for risks of falling among elderly people. Such environmental conditions include slippery floors, poor lighting or maybe faulty equipment (Farmer, 2003). The theme of the study got its founding gist from the fore-mentioned causes of the falls among the elderly people who are the residents in the nursing homes (Hill, et al., 2009). The study sort to explore the different myths postulated as the causes of falls, namely the person risk factors (intrinsic) and environmental related causes and then get interaction of the two mentioned factors (Palmer, 2011). The study was done from the perspective of the nursing staffs that are mandated with the task of assisting the elderly nursing home residents (Hill, et al., 2009). The caregivers for these elder people in nursing home forms rich resource persons since they are the people closely interacting with the nursing home residents (Farmer, 2003). According to the study done by

The future of helthcare depends on the role of nurses Research Paper

The future of helthcare depends on the role of nurses - Research Paper Example The United Nation targets to have a transformed health system by 2015. Nurses contribute to the emotional, psychological, physical, and social being of people seeking medical attention and the society. Strategies in the health sector run in hierarchy from the policy makers, to the practitioners and then to the public. Nurses and midwives are the last practitioners in the hierarchy and next to the patients. This position makes their role very critical. Whether health care will improve in society is dependent on the responsibility of all individuals in the hierarchy. However, nurses and midwives, being the majority and considering their position in the hierarchy, are the main determinants of the effects of change felt on the ground (Ogilvie and Sare, 2010). An analysis of the contribution of nurses to the future of health care is necessary. According to the global development goals set for achievement by 2015, there is a target to reduce child mortality, which is rampant in some region s of the world. Many of the strategies in place touch on the responsibility of nurses in provision of primary health care. The UN summit stipulated that the cause of most of these deaths was malaria, diarrhea, and malnutrition. The public needs education on how to handle these key causes of death of children under then age of five. In the hospital setting, the nurses play the most crucial role in prevention of child mortality (Barclay, 2010). Nurses offering pediatric care should be more aware and offer relevant advice to mothers on proper nutrition and basic hygiene. Nurses also partake in the distribution of nets in the prevention of malaria and offer advice on frequent treatment of the nets to the public (Sines, Saunders, and Janice, 2009). Without the efficiency of nurses, it is difficult to achieve this millennium goal. In order to achieve the development goal of ensuring maternal health care in all societies, it is the responsibility of nurses and midwives to provide the prima ry care to ensure that mothers no longer die from hemorrhage, infection, obstructed labor, and hypertensive pregnancies. Nurses specializing in midwifery are of key contribution to promoting maternal health. It is essential to ensure that they are qualified and are competitive for improved maternal health to become a reality. Nurses should provide quality prenatal and postnatal care comprehensively in the societies they are working in realizing that their roles are very important (Ball, 2000). HIV effects have increased in the recent past. This increase has forced leaders in the health sector to work tirelessly to reduce cases of new infections. Further, they aim at maximizing the care of people living with HIV to lengthen their lives. There are several fields in addressing the HIV epidemic. The first is prevention of the disease, which involves educating the public on modes of transmission and potential strategies in prevention. This is a responsibility of nurses assigned to volunt ary counseling and testing centers. In addition, nurses are involved in the testing process and the crucial responsibility of post testing counseling. Scholars denote that nurses go a mile further to motivate and encourage HIV patients for them to undergo behavioral and attitude change. They also administer advanced care to patients who are in the final stages of the disease. Additionally, nurses do not relent as they advise relatives of patients on home based care to HIV patients.

Utilitarianism Essay Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism Essay Essay Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which acts as a guideline on how people should act in certain situations and was first introduced by a hedonist (pursuer of pleasure) named Jeremy Bentham who put forward the ‘Principle of Utility’ which said â€Å"The greatest happiness for the greatest number†. Utilitarianism is a theory which bases on the end purpose (teleological) of achieving pleasure, our decisions should be based on consequences in pursuit of the principle of utility (consequentialist) and is a theory which judges each situation independently (relativistic). Jeremy Bentham was the first contributor and developer for Utilitarianism and was most famous for his version of ‘Act’ Utilitarianism which focused applying the Principle of utility to each individual act to each unique situation. Bentham believed that happiness was the first thing to consider when making a decision, and our pleasure helped us achieve the most happiness. Bentham said that ‘Nature has placed mankind under two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure and it is them that will determine what we ought to do’ meaning the right moral decision will come about through the considerations of pleasure and pain. He devised the ‘Hedonic calculus’ (hedonic meaning pleasure) which was a piece of apparatus which helped him quantify happiness. The Hedonic calculus holds seven aspects which need to be considered: Duration (How long the pleasure will last), Remoteness (How close is the happiness), Purity (How free from pain is the pleasure), Richness (How likely will the pleasure lead to more happiness), Intensity (How strong the pleasure is), Certainty (How sure the act will produce happiness) and Extent (Will other people be affected by the pleasure). It’s these factors which a person must consider and weigh up in terms of pain and pleasure in order to find the most moral and ethical decision to make, if the calculus totals up in more pain over pleasure then this defines it as the wrong choice to make. Bentham says that you must choose the act which maximises the amount of pleasure for the most amounts of people to ensure happiness. Bentham believed that all people were entitled to happiness, and thus each to count as one and no-one as more than one. However, there were many obvious faults in this theory; for example, eating a chocolate bar is subjective to people who like and dislike chocolate therefore not every action has equal pleasure and pain for every person. John Stuart Mill, a fellow colleague of Jeremy Bentham criticised him for developing a ‘Swine theory’ as it encouraged people to be selfish and recognizes no higher purpose for life other than the mere pursuit of pleasure. Mill was concerned that one person’s unhappiness could be entirely overlooked if the majority were happy. Unlike Bentham, Mill focused on differentiating the quality of pleasure and thus introduced a new theory of utility called ‘Rule’ Utilitarianism which acted as a general guideline that achieved happiness without discriminating. Mill’s definition of happiness was tended to the spiritual and culture side rather than just physical. He distinguished between Higher and lower pleasures, higher pleasures were in pleasures in tune with the mind such as reading and poetry and lower pleasures tended to physical needs to do with the body like sex and eating. Mill stated that lower pleasures are more easily accomplishable and thus have to be completed before satisfying the intellectual needs of the mind. He famously wrote ‘It is better to be a human satisfied than a pig satisfied, it is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied’ this meant that humans were able to feel much more rewarding emotions far above the magnitude of the feelings of the pig, regardless of dissatisfaction. Two types of rule utilitarianism have been identified in modern times, strong rule and weak rule utilitarian. Each still focuses on the application of a general rule to achieve happiness, but strong rule utilitarianism defines the rule as absolute and must not be broken, an example of this is ‘Do not kill’ which is created through the principle of utility. Weak rule utilitarianism offers a person the choice to break certain rules in order to achieve the greater good as an exception, for example the rule of ‘Do not kill’ could be broken if the opportunity to kill Hitler to prevent more pain from occurring. Mill was defined by some scholars as a weak Utilitarian.

Comparing Fahrenheit 451 and Modern American Society :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Fahrenheit 451: Similarities to American Society Fahrenheit 451 is a science fiction book that still reflects to our current world. Bradbury does a nice job predicting what the world would be like in the future; the future for his time period and for ours as well. The society Bradbury describes is, in many ways, like the one we are living in now. We are always demanding more advanced machinery, and from the past, we have grown into a much more technological society. Lately, more and more people not only want more technology, they want them to be quicker. Things such as quicker computers, quicker connections to the internet, better cell phone connections, pagers, cars with more power, voice mail, palm pilots, etc. are in greater demand. People don't want to waste time anymore. We want things done quicker without as much effort. We want things to take less time to do them so we can have more time for other things. Their society is exactly like ours. Besides having advanced technological machines, they also have much larger speed limits, so people could get where they want a lot faster. Clarisse and Montag make it obvious to the reader that they live in a fast-paced world when they first meet each other. Before Clarisse runs into her house, they notice how fast drivers go that they "'don't know what grass is, or flowers because they never see them slowly,' she said. 'If you showed a driver a green blur, Oh yes! he'd say, that's grass! A pink blur! That's a rose garden! White blurs are houses. Brown blurs are cows. My uncle drove slowly on a highway once. He drove forty miles an hour and they jailed him for two days'"(9). Their speed limit is so high that everything that they see seems like blurs. They never see objects; they only see colors. Our speed limit isn't as high as theirs is, but people usually go much faster than the speed limit is. Another reason their society reflects the one we live in is that the people there are becoming more and more violent towards each other. Clarisse tells Montag that she's "afraid of children my own age. They kill each other... Six of my friends have been shot in the last year alone. Ten of them died in car wrecks. I'm afraid of them and they don't like me because I'm afraid" (30).

Ida Jean Orlando Essay

Ida Jean Orland was a first- generation American of Italian decent, born 1926. She received her diploma in nursing at New York Medical College in 1947, Bachelor of Science in Public health from St. Johns University in Brooklyn, New York in 1951 and her Master of Arts Degree in Mental Health Nursing from Columbia University. Orlando was an associate Professor at Yale School of Nursing, and while there she served as the Director of the Graduate Program in Mental Health Psychiatric Nursing. She was the project investigator of a National Institute of Mental Health grant entitled Integration of Mental Health Concepts in Basic Nursing Curriculum. In 1961, Orlando published her theory, The Dynamic Nurse- Patient Relationship and in 1972 The Discipline and Teaching of Nursing Process. She has served as a board member of Harvard Community Health Plan. Her theory is explanatory and straightforward, she believes that the role of the nurse is to find out and meet the patients immediate need for help. She describes nursing as it is, the nurse is responsible for gathering all the information directly from the patient and making decisions based on this information. We as nurses are the Care Plan that we develop, however, we must always be aware that situations change and we must be able to adapt to the change immediately and come up with other ways of treatment without allowing it to interfere with the quality of care that the patient is receiving. She directly states definition of nursing that can summarize the theory provided by Ida Jean Orlando. â€Å"All patients behavior can be a cry for help, both verbal and non-verbal. It is up to the nurse to interpret their behavior and determine the needs of the patient†. Nursing differs from medicine according to this theory because based on Orlando’s theory; everything we need to know to provide the best care to the patient is received directly from the patient. Usually with medicine, we use textbook information and trial and error, however, according to the theory  of Orlando, it is the nurse’s job to collect all the information directly from the patient and interpret it on our own to provide quality care. Orlando’s theory definitely relies on the content/knowledge of nursing. It is clearly stated that it is the nurse’s job to use their perception, thoughts about the perception or the feeling engendered from their thought to explore with patients the meaning of their behavior. This process helps the nurses find out the nature of the distress and what help the patient needs. It is the knowledge of the nurse that is being relied on for the best care. Ida Jean Orlando theory Deliberative Nursing Process was developed in the late 1950’s from an observation she witnessed involving nurse and patient interaction. Orlando’s Deliberative Nursing Process is based on and involves the patient’s behavior and nurse’s reaction. In most cases the patient will exhibit certain behaviors both verbal and nonverbal as a plea for help . The role of the nurse is to find out and meet the patient’s immediate need for help. The four major concepts of the metaparadigm, the person, environment, health and nursing collectively are one with Orlando’s Theory Stages Assessment, diagnosis, implementation, and the goal. Together they provide the nurse with the data needed to accurately assess and serve the patient. Ida Jean Orlando uses an assessment as a tool when collecting subjective and objective data in relation to the person/patient hence allowing the nurse to notably assess the disease process. The assessment stage enhances the nurse ability to analyze and interpret the behavior and determine the needs of the patient. The assessment is done without reason. The health of the individual is closely evaluated to determine the patient needs. During the diagnosis stage the diagnosis can be confirmed using links to classify the characteristics, related factors, and risk factors found in the person/patients assessment .The behavior of the person as well as the disease is well thought-out in this process. The nurse then uses clinical judgment regarding health dilemmas, tackling each one individually. The environment is an important part of this process. It influences the  individuals external as well as the internal aspect of life and well-being. After gathering the diagnosis, interventions can be implemented to help accomplish the goals. In this stage we put everything into action allowing us to carry out the care plan that was created using Orlando’s theory. The nurse is now able to assess whether the person have achieved their goals. Often times the complete set of goals are not met, however Orlando’s theory is adjustable. Orlando’s theory is universal allowing the nurse to be flexible. It’s also easily adapted when providing service to different person/patients with different diagnosis. With the mutual aid of the person/patient and the deliberate actions of the nurse, the goal put in place by the nurse is attained. Every deed of a nurse has significance. Ida Jean Orlando Theory focuses on the Dynamic Nurse-Patient relationship. Even though the theory focuses on the communication between the nurse-patient relationships, it makes it clear that the nurse is to assume that the patient’s communication is a plea for help and must be taken as is. This dictates that the primary focus is on the dynamic relationship but does give a secondary focus on the nurse as the modifiable component. The theory in itself is clear and simple. It describes the interaction between the nurse and patient in a certain time and place and follows a sequence until the patient’s problem is resolved. The sequencing of events results in its clarity. All of the primary duties of a nurse involve interacting with the patient, meaning that Ida Jean Orlando’s Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship Theory can applied in almost any setting. Whenever a patient interacts with nurse, the theoretical model can be applied. It does not need any special tools nor does it require a specific setting. It is derived from the patient, as a whole, interacting with a nurse as a whole. It stages the interaction to happen in a specific sequence. It places special emphasis on the nurses’ role on perceiving the patient behavior and interpreting it beyond its superficial affect. It deals with the immediate context and attempts to find the most complete resolution of the situation. It theory is built on the examination of over 2000 Nurse-Patient interactions. Her theory has led to deliberative consequences for nurses. It sets principles that have become ingrained in nursing education. It is the principle set on how a nurse’s role should be active rather than passive in a nurse’s interaction with a patient. It is set to give structure to a nurse’s role of performing ongoing assessments with validated results, to treat a person as a whole with feedback as reassurances of her actions and to achieve role and problem clarity so that the patient understands his or her own problems that may have been hidden from his or her own perception. Ida Jean Orlando’s theoretical is ingrained in all aspects of nursing interaction. It has also been codified in some fields as a standard of practice. When giving medication to a patient, we nurses must explain the medication, its expected effect, purpose, and its possible side effects. It is then standard practice to make note of its actual effect and react to that effect. It is logical, active, and directly follows the model. It is most important with pain medication. The patient may over exaggerate, misplace direct cause, or maybe misinterpret the pain. To the patient, pain is simply pain. It is the nurse’s role to accept the patient’s complaint and internally analyze it. Using the nursing discipline, decipher the superficial plea in order to see any underlying cause, react appropriately until the underlying cause is exposed and treated. Her theory serves as the basis for any interaction with a patient, arguably, for every health professional. As an emergency room nurse, we are encouraged to process patients efficiently and with haste. Patient interaction is, however, valued for its quality. We are expected to treat the patient’s most immediate concerns while looking for underlying agitators so that treatment can be administered efficiently. Unfortunately, in a fast pace environment, there may be no time to interpret and internally analyze a patient’s behavior or get their reaction to a certain treatment. Stabilizing and to processing a patient with an unfortunate consequence of diminished patient interaction quality as a frequent casualty. Without Orlando’s theoretic model, patients become numbers, treated by their symptoms rather than being treated like a person, without it we would end up dehumanizing patients. References Alligood, M. R., & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing Theorist and Their Work seventh edition. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby. Ida Jean Orlando- Nursing theorist. (2011). Retrieved October 12, 2013, from Nursing- theory.org website: http://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Ida-Jean-Orlando.php Nursing theories a companion to nursing theories and models. (2013, September 9). Retrieved October 6, 2013, from Current nursing website: http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Orlando_nursing_process.html Orlando, I. J. (1972). The discipline and teaching of nursing process: An evaluative study. New York: G. P Putnam. Orlando, I. J. (1990). The dynamic nurse-patient relationship: Function, process, and principles. New York: National League of Nursing. Orlando’s Nursing Process Theory. (2013, September 9). Retrieved October 12, 2013, from currentnursing.com website: http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Orlando_nursing_process.html Parker, M. E. (2005). Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice second edition. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.